Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi

International Refereed Journal of Academic Approaches, which started its publishing in 2010, aims to contribute to the literature with international and interdisciplinary studies on Political Science, International Relations, Public Administration, Economics, Business, Finance, Labor Economics and Industrial Relations, International Trade and Business.

The content of the Journal of Academic Approaches consists of original, review articles and research articles topics prepared on every subject related to Political Science, International Relations, Public Administration, Economics, Business, Finance, Labor Economics and Industrial Relations, International Trade and Business. In this context, studies such as articles, decision analysis, and legislative evaluation from academicians, researchers, and practitioners are accepted.

INONU UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES ACADEMIC APPROACHES JOURNAL WRITING RULES

PUBLICATION PRINCIPLES:

Basic Principles - Manuscripts must not have been previously published or accepted for publication elsewhere. - Manuscripts to be submitted; If the manuscript is produced from a paper or a project or thesis previously presented at a scientific meeting, this can be accepted provided that this is clearly stated. - Manuscripts to be submitted to the journal are first evaluated by the Journal Editorial Board for compliance with the journal's publication principles. The results of the evaluation at this stage are notified to the authors within the process following the receipt of the manuscript by the journal editorial office. Manuscripts submitted to the journal and deemed worthy of being sent to referees by the editor are sent to at least two referees specialized in the relevant field. In this process, the identities of the referees and authors are kept confidential.

- Under no circumstances can the author request withdrawal of the manuscripts for which referee assignment has been initiated.

- Authors should indicate all corrections requested by the referee and editorial board in "red". 

The written language of the journal is Turkish and English.

Publication Period The journal is published twice a year, in June and December. Copyright For the transfer of the copyright of the articles accepted for publication, the "Copyright Agreement Form" must be signed by the author(s) and sent to the journal.

The responsibility for the opinions in the published articles belongs to the author(s). In accordance with the plagiarism policy of the journal, a "plagiarism report" must be filled out and sent to the journal together with the result report after scanning in the relevant programs.

A "Letter of Commitment" must be filled out and signed and sent to the journal's editorial committee stating that the submitted article has not been published elsewhere or is not currently in the process of evaluation for publication and that all publication rights belong to the Journal of Academic Approaches indefinitely if the articles submitted for evaluation are accepted for publication. Ethics committee approval must be obtained for research in all disciplines that require Ethics Committee Permission in accordance with TR Index criteria, and this approval must be stated and documented in the article.

At the end of the manuscript, researchers should include a Declaration of Contribution Rate, a Statement of Support and Acknowledgment, if any, and a Conflict Statement. In addition, the "Author Declaration(s) Form" must be completed and submitted with the manuscript file. Datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study may be requested from the corresponding author upon reasonable request to be forwarded only to the referee without public disclosure. 

Main Rules

The font should be Times New Roman with 1.5 line spacing.

12 font size should be used for the text and 10 font size should be used for the abstract, abstract, extended English abstract and bibliography.

Page Structure The margins of the pages should be set so that the top, bottom, right and left margins are 2.5 cm. Headings other than the bibliography and main title should be numbered.

Paragraph Structure Headings and subheadings other than the main title of the article should start at the beginning of the line.

Line breaks should start 1 cm inside according to the text. Article Length The article should consist of 4,000-10,000 words. 

IN-TEXT CHARACTERISTICS:

Main Title

The title of the article should be in bold 12-point font and centered in the text. If the study has been presented before (produced from a project or thesis, etc.), an explanation should be made by placing a footnote* at the end of the title. Author Names A footnote will be given next to the author names. The footnote should include the title(s), institution name (without abbreviation), ORCID ID and e-mail address(es) of the author(s).

The abstract should be maximum 200 words. The abstract should be written in 10 font size and 1 cm line spacing. There should be no citations in the abstract. Under the abstracts in English and article language, there should be 3-5 keywords in article language and 3-5 keywords in English that represent the content of the study. Under the keywords, 3-5 JEL codes should be added in accordance with the field of the study. Abstract should consist of maximum 200 words for manuscripts written in English. Abstract should be written in 10 font size and 1 cm line spacing. Abstract should not include citations. Extended English abstract should be 600-800 words. The extended English abstract should be in Times New Roman 10 font size and 1 line spacing. It should be placed under the English abstract. The extended English abstract should include the purpose, significance, research question, method, findings, conclusion and recommendations, if any.

Section Headings

Titles and subheadings other than the main title of the article should start at the beginning of the line. Sub-section headings should be aligned according to the beginning of the paragraph.

For example; 2. Second Title References should follow APA (American Psychological Association) style. The 6th and 7th edition of APA should be taken as basis). Main Text The text should start 1 cm inside the heading. References should be in accordance with APA (American Psychological Association) style. The 6th and 7th edition of APA should be taken as basis). 

Citations should be in accordance with APA (American Psychological Association) style. The 6th and 7th editions of the APA should be based.

BLES, FIGURES AND ANNEXES

Tables

The text in the table should be in Times New Roman 8-10 font size and 1 cm line spacing. Table number, table name (12 pt. and italic), table content (two or fewer lines) and reference (10 pt.) should be arranged center-aligned under the table. For example; Table 1 Turkey's Foreign Trade 1970-1985 (% of GDP) (Please see our pdf file for sample table view). Source: Koçyiğit & Şen, 2007: 64.

Figures

Figures to be used in the text should be arranged in such a way that the figure number, figure name (italicized) and the source are included under the figure. All kinds of non-textual visual materials such as diagrams, graphics, photographs, pictures, drawings, maps, etc. should be considered as figures. For example; Figure 1. Organizational Innovation System (Please see our pdf file for a sample figure view).

Source: Vagnani et al., 2019:4.

Appendices

Each appendix should be given on separate pages, before the bibliography.

For equations; Equations should be written in parentheses, centered on the page and the sequence number of each equation should be right justified. Note: Equations can be written in programs such as "Mathtype". 

IN-TEXT REFERENCING (CITATION)

Citations should follow APA (American Psychological Association) style. The 6th and 7th edition of APA should be taken as basis. Examples to be used in citing references are given below. (For detailed information on APA style, see (https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_style_introduction.html)

Single author

When citing single-author studies, the author's surname, year of publication and page number should be indicated in parentheses. For example; The forms of government that emerged in the West in the middle of the 17th century influenced the development of Ottoman institutions (Mardin, 1996: 234).

Two authors

When citing studies with two authors, the surnames of the authors should be connected with "& (ampersand)" and the year of publication and page number should be shown. For example; There is an inverse relationship between the aging population and economic growth, and the low labor force participation of the aging population and the productivity problem of older workers cause stagnation (Acemoğlu & Restrepo, 2017: 2).

Three or more authors

When citing studies with three or more authors, the abbreviation "et al.", which means "and others", should be used after the surname of the first author to indicate the other authors. For example; Customer needs analysis is an important task that focuses on interpreting the voice of customers and deriving explicit needs that can then be understood in marketing terms (Helander et al., 2008: 87).

Cited Source

For a citation from another reference within a reference, the surname, year of publication and page number of the main reference author should be written first, followed by the surname, year of publication and page number of the citing author. For example; (Soydan, 2018: 1 cited in Parlar, 2019: 2).

For institutions

When data from institutions such as TURKSTAT, EUROSTAT, etc. are used, the abbreviation of the name of the institution and the year of the study used should be indicated in parentheses. For example; (TÜİK, 2019). (EUROSTAT, 2019).

Websites

When an in-text citation is given to any web page, the name of the site author, if any, or the name of the institution or the name of the web page is written and the date of the study used is written. (Eğilmez, 2020); (FAIRWORK, 2018).

Newspaper

When citing a newspaper, the name of the newspaper and the year of publication of the news used should be written. For example; (X Newspaper, 2020).

Interview-Interview

In the First Place Interviewee's Name and Surname, "Interview Title" (Interviewer: Name and Surname, Recording Format, Interview Day Month Year).Halil İnalcık, "Fatih Sultan Mehmed" (Interviewee: İlber Ortaylı, Video Recording, Interview March 3, 1985). Next Place of Passage Interviewee's Surname, "Interview Title Short" (Interview Day Month Year). İnalcık, "Fatih Sultan Mehmed" (Interview March 3, 1985). Ethical constraints in qualitative studies If an audio or written form of the interview is not accessible to third parties, it is cited only in the text and the month, day and year are indicated; it is not added to the bibliography. (P1, Personal Interview, July 18, 2019). 

CREATING A BIBLIOGRAPHY

Single author book

The font in book titles will always be italicized. For example;

Koray, M. (2012). Social policy. (4th ed.). İmge Kitabevi.

Book with two authors

In a book with two authors, the author names are followed in order and separated by the "&" sign. For example;

Keyman, E. F. & Öniş, Z. (2007). Turkish politics in a changing world. Istanbul Bilgi University Press.

Book with three or more authors

Author names are followed in order, separated by commas, and the "&" sign is placed before the last author's name. For example;

Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E.Ç., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş. & Demirel, F. (2009). Scientific research methods. Pegem Akademi Yayınları.

Compilation book

Duncan, G. J. & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. Russell Sage Foundation.

Chapter in edited book

The author of the chapter, the year, and the title of the chapter are written respectively. Then the book editor(s) is indicated, the book title is italicized and the page range where the chapter is located is indicated. For example;

Sarıbay, A. Y. (2005). Globalism as postmodern capitalism and 1980s Turkey. In A. Küçük., S. Bakan and A. Karadağ (Eds.), Türkiye'de politik hayat, (pp.1029-1037). Aktüel Yayınları.

Jewsiewicki, B. (1983). Rural society and the Belgian colonial economy. In D. Birmingham and P. M. Martin (Eds.), The history of central Africa (pp. 95-125). Longman.

Book translated into Turkish

In a translated book, the name of the original author is written first and then the name of the translator. For example;

Pettit, P. (1997). Cumhuriyetçilik. (Trans. A. Yılmaz). Ayrıntı Yayınları. 

Article

When the articles are shown in the bibliography, the name of the journal in which the article appears is italicized. The volume number (italicized) is given first, followed by the issue number in parentheses. At the end, the page range where the article is found in the journal is written. For example;

Akerlof, G. A. (2000). Economics and identity. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115 (3), 715-53.

For authors with two surnames;

Tuzgöl Erdost, M. (2005). Development of subjective well-being scale: Validity and reliability study. Turkish Journal of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, 3 (23), 103-111.

Article with two authors

In an article with two authors, the names of the authors are followed in order and separated with the & sign. For example;

Dunlap, R. & Catton, W. R. (1979). Environmental sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 5, 243-273.

Article with three or more authors

Author names are followed in order and separated by commas. For example;

Helander, M., Xu, Q., Jiao, R. J., Yang, X., Khalid, H. M. & Opperud, A. (2009). An analytical Kano model for customer need analysis. Design Studies, 30 (1) , 87-110.

Symposium and Congress Proceedings

Surname, A. (Year). Name of the paper. Name of the event. (page range) and the location of the event should be written in order. For example;

Karadağ, A. & Bakan, S. (2010). Özal policies in the process of development of democratic civil society. Turgut Ozal International Conference on Economics and Politic I. (pp. 940-952). Malatya: Inonu University.

Report

Surname, A. (Year). Title of the report. Institution Name Working Report/Working Note/Working Paper (Report No). For example;

Dell'Erba, S. & Sola, S. (2011). Expected fiscal policy and interest rates in open economy. The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies (IHEID) Working Paper (No: 07/2011). 

Thesis

The title of the thesis is italicized. For example;

Peksan, S. (2018). The end of work discussions in social theory. (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Istanbul University Institute of Social Sciences, Istanbul.

Internet Sources

For sources accessed via the Internet, the name of the institution, if any (year of publication). Title of the source, date of access, URL address or doi number. For example;

- Eurostat. (2019). Disability statistics - Employment patterns. June 15, 2019, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics explained/index.php?title=Archive:Disability_statistics_-_employment_patterns#People_with_disabilities_are_more_likely_to_work_part-time.

- Ball, T. M., Shapiro, D. E., Monheim, C. J. & Weydert, J. A. (2003). A pilot study of the use of guided imagery for the treatment of recurrent abdominal pain in children. Clinical Pediatrics, 42(6), 527-532. https://doi.org/10.1177/000992280304200607.

Newspaper

X Newspaper. (Year). Newspaper archive. Accessed on (15/June/Year), Access Address.

Interview

-Interview Surname and First Name of the Interviewee. "Interview Title" (Interviewer: Name and Surname, Recording Format, Interview Day Month Year). Access Address. İnalcık, Halil. "Fatih Sultan Mehmed" (Interviewee: İlber Ortaylı, Video Recording, Interview March 3, 1985). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8px5eBJHYNE&list=PLCq4ha8CiOukJvXOx3Kp8lC9QoSqLIVjj&index=4.

Other Elements

- References should be arranged in alphabetical order (A-Z) according to the surname of the author.

- If there are many references by the same author in the bibliography, the references are written in order from old to new. For references with the same date, the order is by letter. For example: 2000a, 2000b.

- The in-text citation notation of our journal is based on APA. If the author uses footnotes for detailed information that the author does not want to use in the text, APA rules also apply in the citation of the source for the explanation in question.

- If the author uses itemization in the text, he/she should use the numbering formats (1), (2), (3). For example,

Key Features of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Banger, 2018:35).

(1) Horizontal integration through value networks to facilitate business-to-business cooperation

(2) End-to-end engineering integration across the entire value chain to support product customization

(3) Acceleration through exponential technologies

Journal of Academic Approaches adopts high standards in publication ethics. In this context, it observes the standards and recommendations based on ethical publishing principles published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA), and the Interuniversity Board (UAK). During the review process, each article is evaluated by one of the editors and by a double-blind review of at least two referees.

Articles submitted to our journal must be original, not previously published elsewhere, or not submitted for evaluation for publication in a different language. Each submitted manuscript is subjected to double-blind review by an editor, a field editor and at least two referees. Plagiarism, duplication, pseudo-authorship/confessed authorship, research/data fabrication, article slicing, sliced publication, copyright infringement, and concealment of conflict of interest are considered unethical behaviors. If cases such as manipulation, distortion and fabrication of data used in the articles are detected, the author of the article will be notified through the editorial board and the article will be rejected.

For each article submitted to our journal, authors are expected to check for plagiarism using programs such as Turnitin, iThenticate, etc. and the "Plagiarism Report Result" form is sent with the article file at the first submission of the article. 

Research Ethics

The journal upholds the highest standards of research ethics and adopts the international principles of research ethics defined below. It is the authors' responsibility to ensure that manuscripts comply with the ethical guidelines. The following professional codes of conduct on research ethics contribute to the goals of research, promote the values necessary for collaboration, ensure the responsibility of researchers to the public, build credibility through public support, and reinforce a variety of moral and social values: 

-The first rule is openness. The researcher has to share the data, sources and findings with the public. It should be open to criticism and new ideas.

- The principles of integrity, quality and transparency must be ensured in the design, review and conduct of research.

- The researcher should not fabricate, steal or misinterpret their findings. Report results, methods and procedures accurately and not mislead colleagues, sponsors and the public.

-The researcher must not cause harm to the object or subject of interest. Accordingly, the researcher should respect people's privacy and confidentiality and should not use personal names in his/her research unless authorized to do so. The researcher should also not hide his/her own identity.

- The confidentiality of information provided by research participants and the confidentiality of respondents should be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.

- Research participants should take part in the research voluntarily and should not be under any coercion. The informed consent form should also be obtained from the voluntary participants by the authors.

- Harm to participants should be avoided. The research should be planned in a way that does not put the participants at risk.

- Patents, copyrights and other intellectual property must be respected. Data, methods and results should not be used without permission and contributors should be acknowledged.

- Research independence should be clear and explicit; if there is a conflict of interest, it should be stated at the end of the article.

-Integrity and consistency must be ensured.

-Errors and omissions due to carelessness should be prevented by serious review of the study from start to finish.

-Research that may cause social damage should be avoided.

- Discrimination based on gender, race, origin and other factors that are irrelevant to scientific authority and integrity should be avoided.

-Risk and harm should be minimized and human dignity, privacy and autonomy should be protected in humanitarian research. Special precautions should be taken in research involving vulnerable people such as children, people with developmental or cognitive disabilities, people living in nursing homes, homeless people or people without legal status. Both the burden and the benefits of research should be distributed fairly.

The Journal of Academic Approaches expects interested parties to comply with the following responsibilities in addition to "general actions against scientific research and publication ethics".

Ethical Responsibility of Authors

- The author(s) should not submit to the Journal of Academic Approaches an article that they have published or submitted for publication elsewhere. The author must ensure that the article is original, has not been previously published elsewhere, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, in another language. In this context, the "Copyright Transfer Agreement" form should be filled out and sent.

- Articles submitted to the journal must be original. During the writing of the article, authors should cite the sources they use correctly in line with ethical principles. The compliance of the articles with scientific and ethical rules is the responsibility of the authors.

- The names of people who do not contribute to the article should not be written as authors, and it should not be suggested to change the order of authors, remove authors, or add authors to an article applied for publication. Authors who contribute to the article should add the declaration of contribution, conflict of interest-union of interest ratio at the end of the article. On the other hand, they are required to fill out the "Author Declaration(s) Form" and submit it with the article file.

- Authors are required to contact the editor to inform, correct or withdraw their manuscripts when they notice an error in the manuscript under review or published electronically.

- For research that requires data collection with quantitative or qualitative methods such as experiments, surveys, scales, interviews, observations, focus group studies, etc. that require ethics committee approval, the name of the ethics committee, the date and number of the decision should be stated in the method section of the candidate article, and the document showing the ethics committee decision should be uploaded to the system with the application of the article. 

Ethical Responsibilities of Referees

- Academic Approaches Journal applies the principle of double-blind refereeing in the article evaluation process. In this context, referees cannot communicate directly with the authors. Article evaluation forms, notes on the text and correction requests are sent to the author(s) by the editors via the journalipark panel system.

- Referees should accept articles related to their field of expertise for evaluation. Reviewers should not have any conflict of interest with the authors and/or financial supporters of the research. They should make an impartial and objective judgment at the end of their evaluation.

- They should ensure that all information about submitted manuscripts is kept confidential and report to the editor if they notice any copyright infringement or plagiarism on the part of the author.

- Reviewers should criticize constructively in accordance with academic etiquette while writing the evaluation form. They should not include personal comments containing insults and hostility in the evaluation form.

- Academic Approaches Journal gives the reviewers an average date for the evaluation process. Referees should evaluate the accepted article within the relevant period. 

Ethical Responsibilities of the Editorial Board

- The editor is responsible for accepting, rejecting or resubmitting an article for revision.

-The editor should evaluate the manuscripts submitted for publication independently of the ethnicity, gender, nationality, religious beliefs and political views of the authors.

-He/she should not be in conflict of interest with the authors, the study, the institutions or the funders, if any. They should withdraw from the editorship when they realize that they have.

- The editors of the Journal of Academic Approaches are responsible for evaluating the conformity of the articles submitted to the journal with the journal's objectives and editorial policies and deciding that they should be published.

- The editor ensures that the articles submitted for publication undergo double blind peer review in a fair and equitable manner. In this process, he/she must guarantee that all information about submitted manuscripts will remain confidential until the manuscript is published.

- Information contained in a submitted manuscript should not be used in the editor's or editorial board's own research without the express written permission of the author.

- The editor has full authority to appoint referees and is responsible for making the final decision on articles to be published in the journal.

-The editor ensures that the articles published in the journal are original scientific and technical research, reviews, technical notes and results of industrial R&D projects.

Fee Policy

No fee is charged for submissions and evaluations to the journal. All expenses of the journal are covered by Inonu University. 

In 2020, the items related to the Code of Ethics, which were included in the criteria in previous years, were elaborated with explanations, and the issue of "including information about the permission in the article" was added to the criteria, assuming that permissions were obtained for studies that require ethics committee permission in the field of research.

Studies requiring Ethics Committee permission are as follows:

1) All kinds of research conducted with qualitative or quantitative approaches that require data collection from participants using survey, interview, focus group study, observation, interview techniques

2) Retrospective studies in accordance with the law on the protection of personal data,

Also;

-Indicating that the "informed consent form" has been obtained in case presentations,

-Obtaining and indicating permission from the owners for the use of scales, questionnaires and photographs belonging to others,

- Stating that copyright regulations are complied with for the intellectual and artistic works used,

Before 2020, retrospective ethics committee permission is not required for articles that use research data, are produced from master's/doctoral studies (must be specified in the article), applied for publication to the journal in the previous year, accepted but not yet published.

Non-university researchers can also apply to the Ethics Committees in their regions.

Also;

For articles to be published in journals, it should be stated in the article whether ethics committee permission and/or legal/private permission is required. If it is necessary to obtain these permissions, it should be clearly presented from which institution, on which date and with which decision or number number the permission was obtained. 

The publication costs for the Journal of Academic Approaches are covered by İnönü University - Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, so authors do not need to pay an article-processing charge(APC).